Transistor-a break through

Transistor is a three terminal device which is used to amplify the signals. It is also sometimes used as a switch that can control  High amount current through low amount of current.

Transistors is a semiconductor device. It is made from doping of semiconductors.

It has three terminals are :-

emitter terminal, base terminal and collector terminal.

I highly recommend you check it out for some more background context into computing. One of the largest breakthroughs in electronics and computing was the integrated circuit, a way to put many transistors into a single chip instead of individually wiring them together. 

After Gordon Moore, one of the founders of Intel saw the doubling of transistors on integrated circuits, he extrapolated the data and made one of the greatest predictions in human history: "The number of transistors and resistors on a chip would double every 24 months", in other words, computing power would double every 24 months at low cost.

Integrated circuits are used in practically every device that requires a digital logic operation to be done, these operations can consist of converting analog signals to digital, amplifiers, computation oriented - the list can go on and on. As our world becomes more digitized, the amount of integrated circuits will only continue to increase. In fact, every year since the birth of the IC in 1958, more and more have been produced year in and year out, with for the first time ever in 2018, more than 1 trillion to be produced in just that year alone! The most astonishing part about this fact is that this number is only set to grow as sensors and computers become ever more ubiquitous and affordable.

Looking at just one field in the broad scope of technology, the Internet of Things, connected devices are expected to nearly double from this year to 2020, reaching over 100 millions. Almost everything is on its way or has an IC in it from: airplanes, cars, speakers, blu-ray players, toys, door locks, lights and countless other technologies. The real power of ICs however and what has really shaped our world and fueled the growth of Moore's Law is a use of ICs for computing. Microprocessors used to be just one IC, but as computers evolved and more complexity in design was needed, the central processing unit emerged.

A CPU simply put is the part of the computer that executes instructions.As the number of transistors on integrated circuits has increased, has led to the ability for the---- In 1971, the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 had a transistor count of 2,300, 8 years later in 1979 the Intel 8088 had 29000, 10 years later the Intel 800486 and nearly 1.2 million. Since the 2000s, the transistors on chips have been increasing at an increasingly fast rate. While this applies to microprocessors, similar trends have been followed in all integrated circuit applications. 

The Samsung S8 with its Exynos 8895, Qualcomms Snapdragon 835 and Apple's iPhone X. One of the primary reasons this was due to was quantum effects. One of these effects is quantum tunneling, this caused because controlled gate. When voltage is applied to the gate a conductive channel is formed and electrons flow from the source to the drain.

When voltage is removed the current should completely cease, however, in modern transistors substantial leakage flows even when the gate is turned off. Unfortunately, this leakage current increases with every generation of transistors and represents a growing proportion of power consumption. To solve this, a radical redesign of transistor has taken the industry by storm, the FinFET.