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Complemetry Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS) Complementry Transistor Network 1. Pull UP : P transistor 2. Pull Down : N Transistor An NMOS and PMOS make up an inverter. CMOS is used as Transmission Gates

Pure Silicon or Germanium are rarely used as semiconductors. Practically usable semiconductors must have controlled quantity of impurities added to them. Addition of impurity will change the conductor ability and it acts as a semiconductor. The process of adding an impurity to an intrinsic or pure material is called doping and the impurity is called a dopant. After doping, an intrinsic material becomes an extrinsic material. Practically only after doping these materials become usable Effect of Doping on N-type Material The effect of doping on an N-type material is as follows − On addition of Arsenic to pure Silicon, the crystal becomes an N-type material. Arsenic atom has additional electrons or negative charges that do not take part in the process of covalent bonding. These impurities give up or donate, one electron to the crystal and they are referred to as donor impurities. An N-type material has extra or free electrons than an intrinsic material. An N-type material is not negativel...

A computer system that is integrated into a bigger device or system to carry out a specific task is known as an embedded system. It is a hybrid of hardware and software created to carry out a specific task, frequently under the restrictions of real-time computing. From basic gadgets like a microwave oven to complicated systems like aeroplanes and medical equipment, embedded systems are included in a wide variety of products. Embedded systems are often built to work in a particular context and have constrained resources, such as memory and computing power. They frequently employ real-time operating systems, specific programming languages, and specialised input/output and communication interfaces. Embedded systems are used for the specific task. They are made from microcontrollers which is the brain of the system. It is a Microcontroller - based system that is designed to control a task or range of tasks and is not meant to programmed by the end user. A microcontroller has on chip RAM, o...

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field effect Transistor(MOSFET NMOS and PMOS MOSFET Voltage applied at insulated gate controls current between source and drain. Types of field Effect Transistor Junction Field Effect Transistor(JFET) 1. p-channel JFET 2. n-channel JFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor(MOSFET) (a) Enhancement MOSFET 1. p-channel Enhancement MOSFET 2. n-channel Enhancement MOSFET (b) Depletion MOSFET 1. p-channel Depletion MOSFET 2. n-channel Depletion MO SFET